高考定语从句,高考定语从句的考点

1.定语从句高考重要性

2.定语从句和主语从句的区别是什么？

3.在定语从句中，什么时候用关系代词，什么时候用关系副词，什么情况下用“介词+关系代词”，要高考了，

4.从高考题看as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

5.高考定语从句

高中英语定语从句说课稿

　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词。它是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。如下是我给大家整理的高中英语定语从句说课稿，希望对大家有所作用。

　 Ⅰ.概念：

　(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

　(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

　(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

　关系词的作用：

　1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

　2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

　常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语，宾语，whose在从句中作定语)

　常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where

　The student who answered the question was John.

　I know the reason why he was so angry.

　The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

　I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

　定语从句三步：

　第一找出先行词；

　第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

　第三选择合适的关系词。

　 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

　●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

　1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

　2. You can take anything ( that) you like.

　3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

　4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

　5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.

　●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

　1. The bookwhich/that was on the desk was bought by my father.

　2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.

　3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.

　●who, whom, whose:

　who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人

　whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

　whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

　1. I like the students who/that work hard.

　2. All who heard the story were amazed.

　(代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)

　3. He's a man from whom we should learn.

　= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

　4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

　5. I'd like a room whose window faces south.

　=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.

　=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

　关系代词作介词宾语： （介词+ whom / which）

　关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）

　1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.

　2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？

　= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?

　3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?

　4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?

　5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)

　●as 的.用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

　①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。

　1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。

　2. .---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?

　--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.

　3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.

　比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.

　I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.

　比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）

　Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）

　②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）

　As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)

　=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）

　=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .

　=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .（as 作宾语）

　=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.

　He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)

　 Ⅲ. 关系副词引导的定语从句:

　●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

　He came last night when I was out.

　We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.

　注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

　比较:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）

　2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）

　3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.

　●Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.

　This is the place where I was born.

　I live in the room where /in which he used to live.

　注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

　比较: ※1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）

　2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.

　3. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.

　4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）

　●Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：

　1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.

　2. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）

　3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）

　当先行词为way时，the way在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。

　the way在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:

　This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.

　比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you.

　 Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

　1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

　2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

　3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

　This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

　Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

　4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）

　比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.

　He has a sister who is a musician.

　引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.

　1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.

　2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.

　 Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

　●that & which:

　在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.

　①先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等,

　1.We should do all that is useful to the people .

　2.There's nothing that can be said about it .

　3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

　②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。

　1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.

　2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.

　3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.

　比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

　This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

　③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

　1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.

　2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

　④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

　1.This is the best that can be done now.

　2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

　⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.

　1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

　2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

　⑥被修饰词为数词时.

　1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .

　⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。

　Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

　⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。

　1. Which is the book that you like best?

　2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

　⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：

　1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

　⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .

　1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.

　2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .

　定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:

　①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

　1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

　2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?

　②在非限制性定语从句中.

　1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .

　2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. (which指代主句)

　③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .

　1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

　④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

　1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

　⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .

　What's that which she is looking at?

　⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

　A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

　●who & that:

　who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that

　①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：

　1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

　2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .

　3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.

　②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：

　1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .

　2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.

　③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：

　1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.

　●as & which:

　as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

　①位置的不同：

　which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：

　1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.

　2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

　或As you know, Jack is an honest man.

　②先行词的不同：

　as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

　which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

　1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

　2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）

　3. He is an honest man, as is known to all.

　③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"

　as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.

　高中英语定语从句句型总结

　一、疑问句中考查定语从句

　1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？

　A. whereB. the oneC. on whichD. /

　解析答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。

　二、倒装句中考查定语从句

　2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.

　A. whichB. thatC. /D. where

　解析正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。

　三、 拆分词组和固定搭配

　3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

　A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that

　4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？

　A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where

　解析正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part (in)。

　四、添加插入语或状语

　5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I believe is of great importance.

　A. thatB. /C. whichD. why

　解析应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose， expect， believe， imagine)， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

　五、插入非谓语动词

　6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________

　the radio for me？

　A. who；repairedB. that；repaired

　C. whom；repairingD. that；repair

　解析D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

定语从句高考重要性

1. The girl arrange to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _where_she would stay for an hour.

the training centre 是先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语。

2.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _to which_ we may return in the near future.

energy 是先行词，在定语从句中做return to 的宾语。

3.-----Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for haircut?

------You should try the barber's _where_ I go. It's only 15.

the barber's 表地点，是先行词，在定语从句中做go 的地点状语。

4.After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling, _which_ turned out to be a wise decision.

I took some time off to go travelling,是定语从句的先行项，用which指代这件事。

定语从句和主语从句的区别是什么？

定语从句是中学英语语法的重点内容，在高考中也非常重要。

首先，在语法填空题当中，一般会有一个题直接涉及到定语从句关系词的选择。

其次，在阅读和听力中，如果能准确理解定语从句，对于阅读速度和听力理解都有非常大的帮助。

再次，在书面表达中如果能够正确使用定语从句，会被认为是good sentences，对于写作提分也有很大帮助。

总之，如果能很好掌握定语从句的用法，对于高考英语成绩的提高有很大帮助，要远远超过一个语法填空题的分数。

希望能帮到你！

在定语从句中，什么时候用关系代词，什么时候用关系副词，什么情况下用“介词+关系代词”，要高考了，

定语从句：

一：概说

1 定义：在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。

（定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词——即先行词之后）

2 种类；

⑴限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说必不可少，如果省略句子意思不

完整，有时甚至会被歪曲，限定性定语从句不用“，”和句子的其他部

分隔开。

⑵非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说未必必不可少，如果省略

句子意思仍然完整，非限定性定语从句通常用“，”和句子的其他

部分隔开。

例句：①限定性定语从句：正在睡觉的那个男孩是汤姆。

The boy who issleeping is Tom.

②非限定性定语从句：水，一种清澈透明的液体，很有用途。

Water,which is aclear liquid,has many uses.

3 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别：

⑴限定性定语从句不能省略，如果省略，句意不完整；

非限定性定语从句可以省略，如果省略，句意仍然完整。

⑵限定性定语从句不用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开；

非限定性定语从句用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开。

⑶限定性定语从句可以用that引导；

非限定性定语从句不可以用that引导。

⑷限定性定语从句的关联词有时可以省略（一般做宾语时省略）；

非限定性定语从句的关联词不可以省略

⑸限定性定语从句一般只能用来修饰先行词；

非限定性定语从句可以用来修饰先行词，也可以用来修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。

4 关联词：

⑴关系代词（6个）：

who 谁（主语）

whom 谁（宾语）

whose 谁的（定语）

which 哪个（主语，宾语）

that （主语，宾语）

as 像～（主语，宾语）

　⑵关系副词（3个）：

when ~时候

where　哪里

why　为什么

主语从句

主语从句

一 定义 ： 在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫做主语从句。

二 位置： 一般与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。但多数情况下用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后，避免头重脚轻。

三主语从句的种类

（1） 由连词that引导的主语从句。

例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.

你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。

That you are so indifferent bothers me.

你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。

That she survived the accident is a miracle.

她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。

（2） 用连接代词或连接副词if, whether 引导的主语从句。

例如： Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.

他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。

When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.

他们什么时候来还不知道。

Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

她来不来都无关紧要。

（3） 用关系代词引导的主语从句。

例如：What you need is more practice.

你所需要的是更多的训练。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。

Whatever we do is to serve the people.

我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。

主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上，也可以用it作形式主语，

而将从句放在句末（尤其是当谓语较短时）。

例如：That light travels in straight lines is knownto all.

光沿直线传播，这是众所周知的事。

=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.

众所周知光沿直线传播。

When the plane is to take off has not been announced .

飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。

= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.

还没有宣布飞机何时起飞。

当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。

错:It is a book what he wants.

对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。

如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式，则必须用it作形式主语的结构。

例如：Has it been settled who will be sent to carry outthe task ?

谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗 ？

四 主语从句常用结构

（1） It is + 名词 + 从句

It is a fact that… 事实是……

It is good news that … ……是好消息

It is a question that … ……是个问题

It is common knowledge that … ……是常识

类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。

例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.

这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。

It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.

鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。

It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.

鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。

（2） It is + 形容词 + 从句

It is necessary that … 有必要……

It is clear that … 很清楚……

It is likely that … 很可能……

It is important that … 重要的是……

类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good;wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while;surprising; interesting

从高考题看as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

什么时候用关系代词：定语从句中，先行词是人或物，而引导词充当从句中的主语、宾语、表语时，用关系代词；

The book that/which was written by him sells well.（先行词是the book，引导词在从句中充当主语）

The book that he wrote sells well..（先行词是the book，引导词在从句中充当宾语）

什么时候用关系副词：定语从句中，先行词是表示时间、地点的词时，而引导词在从句中充当时间、地点状语时，用关系副词；先行词是the reason，定语从句引导词一般为why。在使用关系副词时，从句结构是完整的（也就是不缺少主谓宾）

什么情况下用“介词+关系代词”：这个有点难解释。这样说吧，介词的选择是由两种情况：

1.看先行词决定：

如：I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.

I will never forget the year in which I joined the army.

2.看从句谓语搭配决定：

He had nobody to whom he could turn because it was too late.

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

高考定语从句

which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同

一、相同点

两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。

The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.

He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.

二、不同点

1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.

Air, as we know, is gas.

2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。

She told me she won the match, which was a lie.

The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure.

3. which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。

He saw the girl, which delighted him.

He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.

4. as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）; as we all can see（正如我们看到的）; be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/

reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。

As is known to all, China is a developing country.

Kate was late for school, as often happened.

5. 在非限制性定语从句中which指代主句中某一个单词时，as不可以。

My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.

Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.

6. “介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which。

The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.

Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.

7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。

He can write a letter in English, which I can not.

Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not

8.在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which

He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.

4.选B，where，意思是在这个地方观众可以买冰淇淋，注意关键词“在……”

5.A，as.说实话，对于这道题我知道是选A，但是完全凭借语感，我很难逻辑给出说明。你可以参考这个回答。

6.B，如果没有他的帮助，我将会怎么怎么样，注意关键词“他的……”

7.A,他也许会赢得那场比赛，如果这样的话，就能去参加国际赛了。这里是“如果那样”的意思，原本词组是in that case,这里是从句，改为 in which case, 从句中一般不再介词后用that

8.A，whose，是说“他们的”生命受到了影响。前面的those指代人，可以用people替代，这样理解就清晰了。

9.B，类似于第四题，强调的是“在什么什么地方”游客们可以看到一个玻璃房被建造，强调的是“在……”

10.B.世界银行的行长说，他对中国有一种特殊情感，是从很小的时候就开始的，这里只要一个名词代词which即可。复原就是 He remebers China staring ……，后面的staring其实又是一个从句，修饰remeber这个动作。

11.C.就像老话说的那样，“你不可以根据一本书的封面来评价这本书”，这里是一个固定短语，as as the old saying goes. 类似于“As we all know”.

祝你学习进步，不懂可以追问，谢谢！

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以上皆为原创，逐一手打。