天津高考英语阅读表达,天津高考英语阅读表达解题技巧

1.天津英语高考考点

2.高考完形填空、阅读理解解题方法

3.2021年天津3月英语高考解析

4.高考英语天津卷和北京卷的区别

5.2009年高考英语天津卷 - 阅读理解C

一、常见题型分析　(一)主旨大意题　　主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》　　常见的命题方式：　　What is the main idea of this passage?　　What dose this passage mainly concern?　　The main theme of this passage is_____________　　The main point of the passage is___________　　Which of the following is the best title for the passage?　　The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______　　The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____　　Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?　　文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：　　1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。　　典例1 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。　　Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。　　……　　Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。　　Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008·安徽卷)　　This passage is mainly about ________。　　A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips　C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips　　解析 本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时，应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。　　目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。　　(二)推理判断题　　推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总题数的15%－30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。　　常见的命题方式：　　From paragraph one we can infer that_________　　What can be inferred from the passage?　　We can infer from the text that…?　　What can we learn from…?　　We can conclude from the passage that_______　　The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______　　The author implies that_______　　This passage would most likely be found in______　　The author’s attitude toward…is_________?　　推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；(2)要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；(3)要忠实于原文，不能主观臆想，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(4)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。　　典例1 Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鲨鱼)。　　Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。　　Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure。　　If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。　　…　　It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。　　At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。　　In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。　　She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (2008·天津卷)　　44. The passage is most probably taken from _____。　　A. a short-story collection　　B. a popular science magazine　　C. a research paper　　D. a personal diary　　45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?　　A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。　　B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled。　　C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。　　D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster。　　如：Mary is due to leave at two o’clock。　　解析 本文为科普类文章，介绍了一位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。　　44. B 推理判断题。本题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文，A、D可删除，由文章的语言来看，并未出现大量的专业术语，可删除C “a research paper”(科研论文)　　45. A 推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表达的含义为If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather。(科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气”。故A 项正确。细节推断题要求学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。　　典例2 It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, carrier, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him。　　Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday。” Memories fleshed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days。　　…　　Inside he found these words carved: “Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser。”　　“Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most …”　　Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked。　　“I need some time to spend with my son,” he said. (2008·江苏卷)　　69. Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?　　A. He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest。　　B. He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son。　　C. He had missed his son and his family for days。　　D. He came to realize the importance of the time with his family。　　解析 本文属于记叙文，文章由邻居之死而引出一个不容忽视的社会主题：友情、亲情才是最重要的。69. D推理判断题，由文中可知Belser的遗言对Jack触动很大，同时也使他开始领悟到：只有亲人、朋友才是生活中最重要的。因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致该结果产生的可能原因，考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。回答推理判断题的试题时，考生一定要牢记，能够直接从文中找到的选项不是正确选项，因为与原文一样的句子不叫推理。只有那些没有在文中直接出现，但根据文中的信息经过推断可以得出的才是符合题意的正确选项。　　　　二、解题方法　　1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章。　　即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。　　2. 速读全文，了解大意知主题。　　阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。　　抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。　　3。详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。　　文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。　　4. 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。　　更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。

天津英语高考考点

E-I-A Phrase Translation Sample Sentence or Explanation

E be about to 即将 I am about to learn Japanese. 不能加表示时间的词或短语.但be going to 后可加I according to 按照,根据 According to the radio, it will rain tomorrow.He came according to his promise.

E by accident 偶然 by chance : I made a grammer mistake by accident.

A in accordance with 一致;按照;根据 I sold the house in accordance with your orders.

E account for 解释,说明 How do you account for all these mistakes ?

I on account of 因为,由于 because of : Li Ping was late for class this morning on account of the traffic.

I accustomed to 习惯于 1.The boy soon became accustomed to hard work and poor food. 2.I am accustomed to this sort of work

I take ... into account 考虑 You must take into account the boy's long illness.

I in addition to 除...之外 A new baby is an addition to the family. in addition=另外

I add up to 合计达 All this adds up to a new concept (概念)of the universe.

I in advance 事先,在前,预先 We always pay the rent in advance.

A gain/have an advantage 胜过,优于 This system will have an advantage over that one.

I take advantage of 乘...之机,利用 to make use of, e.g. by deceiving someone. advantage over : 优于

I ahead of 在...前面,先于 Our company is ahead of other makers of soap.

A in the air 在流行中,在传播中

E above all 首先,尤其

E after all 毕竟,虽然这样

E at all 完全 I do not agree with you at all.

A all but 决不 It's all but impossible.

A all out 全力以赴,竭尽全力 We went all out to climb the mountain.

I in all 总共,合计

I allow for 考虑到 You'll have to allow three days for thatjob.to provide (esp. money or time)

I leave alone 听其自然,不要去管 Leave that alone: it's mine.

I let alone 听其自然,不要去管 更不用说 1.Let him alone: he is doing no harm. 2. The baby cannot even walk, let alone run.

E one after another 一个接一个

E one another 互相 We made comments on one another's work.

I approve of 赞成,同意 I can hardly approve of it.

I anything but 根本不 The little bridge is anything but safe. I will do anything but that .

E arrive at 到达 After many hours' talk, the committee arrived at a decision.

I as for 至于 You can have a bed, but as for the children, they'll have to sleep on the floor.

E as if / as though 好像,仿佛

I as to 至于 1.He's very concerned as to whether it's the right job for him. 2. correctly placed as to size and color

I aside from 除...之外(尚有) =apart from Good work, apart from a few slight faults.

I ask after 询问,问候 He ask after you / your health.

E ask for 请求,要求

I attached to 系,贴,连接;附属;依恋 1.I was attached to the naval college as a special instructor for six months. 2. I am very attached to that car.

E pay attention to 注意 You must pay attention to the teacher.

A on (the/an) average 平均,一般说来 On average we receive five letters each day.

E right away 立刻,马上 Do it right away!

I back and forth 来回地,反复地 The chair rocked back and forth.

A back down/off 放弃,让步,退却 I saw that she was right, so I had to back down.

A back of 在...后部,在...背后

I.A back up 支持,援助; A.倒退,后退 The policeman wouldn't have believed me if you hadn't backed me up.

I based on 以...为基础 His argument is based on facts.

I on the basis of 以...为基础 Society rested on the basis of the family.

E to begin with 首先,第一点 =in the first place:We can't go.To begin with, it's too cold.Besides, we've no money

I on behalf of 代表,为了 The president is ill, so I'm speaking on his behalf.

I make believe 假装 The children are making believe that they're princes and princesses.

I at best / at the best 最好,充其量 At best the company will lose money this year-at worst it may have to close down.

I get the best of 战胜;从中得到最大益处 They got the best of the other team at last.

E make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理 to make the best of a bad job; He will make the best of the situation.

E do/ try one's best 尽力,努力 We must try our best to overcome the difficulty.

A for the better 好转,向好的方向发展 a change for the better= a change with good results

I get the better of 胜过,战胜,在..中占上风 to get the better of one's opponents

E had better 最好还是,应该 ought to, should

I on board 在船(飞机)上 They got on board the train.

I be bound to 必定,一定 It's bound to rain soon.

E break away (from) 脱离,逃跑 The criminal broke away from the policemen who were holding him.

I break down 损坏;分解,瓦解 1.They break the door down. 2. His opposition broke down. 3. The car broke down. 4. Peter broke down and wept when his mother died. 5. Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

E.I break in 1强行进入,闯入;

2 I .打断,插嘴 1.He broke in and stole my money. 2.She broke in with some ideas of her own. 3. to break new shoes in

I break into 1.闯入; 2.突然发生,突然开始;3突然改变步法 4侵占;5.打开并提取紧急之物 1.to break into a house 2. to break into song/ laugh/ tears 3.break into a run 4.Social

duties break into my time/leisure.5.to break into money one has saved.

I break off 中断,中止 1.Those two countries have broken off relations. 2. He broke off a branch. 3. A branch broke off (the tree).

E break out 1.2.突然发生,爆发;3.逃跑 1.War broke out. 2.She broke out in curses(大怒). 3=escape:to break out of prison

I break through 1.突破;2.克服,征服,压倒 1.The sun break through (the clouds). 2. The doctors broke through in their fight again heart disease.

I break up 1.破碎,拆散,瓦解;2.终止;3.婚姻关系结束;4身体衰弱,变弱; 1. The ice will break up when the warm weather comes. 2. The police broke up the fight. 3. Their marriage broke up. 4. He may break up under all this pressure.(他累垮了)

A catch one's breath 1. 歇口气; 2.屏息 He sat down to catch his breath.

I out of breath 喘不过气来 上气不接下气 He ran so fast that he was soon out of breath.

A in brief 简单地说,简而言之 In brief he says "No". He is brief of speech.

I bring about 导致,带来,招致 cause to happen: Science has brought about many changes in our lives.

A bring down 打倒,降低 The pilot brought the plane down gently.

A bring forth 提出 What suggestions do you expect them to bring forth?

A bring forward 提出,提议 1.The director brought forward a new plan for the company. 2. The election will be brought forward to June instead of July.

I.A bring out 1.使出现/显明;2阐释,文明; 3A公布,出版;4.帮助消除害羞心理或沉默寡言态度 1.to bring out a new kind of soap.2.break out the meaning of a poem. 3. When are the publishers bring ing out his new book? 4.=help to lose shyness or reserve: Bill is very quiet; try to bring him out

A bring to 使恢复知觉 They brought the girl to with smelling salts. They brought her to.

I bring up 抚养,培养 1.to bring up children 2. to bring up the question of your holidays

E build up 建立 to build up one's strength

A in bulk 大批,大量 to buy in bulk

I burn out 烧掉 1.The building was burnt out and only the walls remained. 2. That small fire can be left to burn (itself) out. 3. The engine has/is burnt out.

I burn up 烧尽 1.to flame more brightly or strongly 2. All the wood has been burnt up.

A on business 因公,因事 I'm here on business, not for pleasure.

A but for 除...之外, 倘没有,要不是 But for her, I would have drowned.

E by and by 不久以后,将来

E call for 邀约,要求,需要 1.to call for the waiter. 2.Your unkind remark was not called for.3. I'll call for you at nine o'clock.

call forth 1.引起,招致; 2.鼓起,振作起 1.His behaviour called forth numerous protests(抗议). 2.You will have to call forth all your energy.

I call off 取消 1.The football match was called off because of the snow.2.Call off your dog;it tried to bite me !

E.A call on/upon 1访问,拜访2A号召,呼吁 1.We can call on Mary tomorrow. 2. The Prime Minister called on everyone to work hard for national unity.

I.A call up 1A使人想起;2.I召集,动员; 3 打电话 1.=recall 2. He was called up in 1917. 3. I'll call you up this evening.

I care (nothing) about 关心/对...漠不关心

E care for 照管,关心;A.喜欢,意欲 1.He is very good at caring for sick animals.2. I don't really care for tea, I like coffee better.

E take care 当心,注意 =be careful Take care (that) you don't get drowned when you have a swim.

E take care of 照顾,照料; Take care of the baby when I'm out.

I carry off 拿走,夺走 1.She carried off her part in the plan with no difficulty. 2. Jean carried off all the prizes.

E.I carry on 继续,坚持下去;I从事,经营 We'll carry on (with) our discussion tomorrow.

E carry out 执行,贯彻 to carry out a plan

I in any case 无论如何,总之 In any case, you'll need to be at station by nine.

I in case 假如,以防万一 She took a spoonful and tasted it carefully in case it was hot.

I in case of 假如,如果发生;防备 In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.

I in no case 无论如何不,决不 In no case shall we surrender(投降).

I catch on 1.受欢迎,流行起来; 2理解,明白 1.The new song caught on really quickly. 2. He's always the last to catch on.

E catch up with 追上,赶上 Will we catch up with Japan in industrial production?

A catch at 设法抓住

I cave in 下陷,坍陷

I per cent 百分之... Five per cent got full marks.

I by chance 偶然,碰巧 It happened quite by chance.

A take a chance 冒险一试 The rope might break but that's a chance I'll have to take.

I in charge (of) 负责,主管 I'm in charge of your class tomorrow so you must do as I tell you.

I take charge of 开始管理,接管 She took charge of the family business when her father died.

I in no case 无论如何不,决不 In no case shall we surrender(投降).

I catch on 1.受欢迎,流行起来; 2理解,明白 1.The new song caught on really quickly. 2. He's always the last to catch on.

E catch up with 追上,赶上 Will we catch up with Japan in industrial production?

A catch at 设法抓住

I cave in 下陷,坍陷

I per cent 百分之... Five per cent got full marks.

I by chance 偶然,碰巧 It happened quite by chance.

A take a chance 冒险一试 The rope might break but that's a chance I'll have to take.

I in charge (of) 负责,主管 I'm in charge of your class tomorrow so you must do as I tell you.

I take charge of 开始管理,接管 She took charge of the family business when her father died.

I check in 办理登记手续 You must check in at the airport an hour before your plane leaves.

I.A check out 1.结帐后离开; 2.3A检验,核查 1.The last guests checked out of their rooms in the afternoon; 2 to check out his theory;3. How does his story check out with the facts?

A check up/(up)on 校对,检验,检查 The police were checking up on what the man had told them.

I cheer up 高兴起来,振作起来 Cheer up! The news isn't too bad.

I clear away 把...清除掉,收拾 The rubbish must be cleared away.

I.A clear up 1.I.解释,澄清 2A.整理,收拾;3天气变晴 1.to clear up the mystery 2. Would you clear up (this room) before our visitors arrive? 3. I hope the weather clears up before Sunday.

A around/round the clock 昼夜不断地,连续24小时地 We worked around the clock to finish the job.

I come off 1.落,分开 ; 2.成功;发生,举行 1.A button came off my coat. 2. The wedding came off as planned.

E.A come on 1A.开始,来临; 2.进步,进展;3.快,来吧 1.I can feel a cold coming on. 2. How is your work coming on/along?

I come out 1.3出现,显露;2出版,发表; 4.结果是 The stars came out as soon as it was dark.2.The news came out that king was very ill. 3. Mary always came out very well in pictures.

I come round / around 1.苏醒,复原; 2.顺便来访; 3.再现,再来,再临; 4.走弯路,绕道而行 1.=to regain consciousness:Pour a jug of water on his face-je'll soon come round. 2.He'll come round to our way of thinking sooner or later. 3.It's coming round to Christmas again. 4.We came round by the fields as we didn't want to go through the woods.

A come through 经历, 经历..仍活着, 脱险 1. Have your examination results come through yet? 2. John was so ill he was lucky to come through (his operation).

A come to 苏醒,复苏; 共计,达到,等于 1. It has come to my notice that some money is missing. 2. When it comes to politics I know nothing. 3. Suddenly the words of the song came to me.

E come true 实现,达到

I come up 1.2出现; 3走上前来 Your question come up at the meeting. 2. I'll let you know if anything comes up. 3. He came up and said, "pleased to see you."

I come up to 等于,比得上,达到,及于 Your recent work hasn't come up to your usual high standards.

I come up with 提出,提供 He couldn't come up with the answer.

A come up again 遇到,遭到

E in common 共用,共有 John and I have nothing in common.

I keep company with 与,,,交往,与,,,结伴 Don't keep company with dishonest persons.

I compare...to .. 把...比作 Poets have compared sleep to death. Man's life is often compared to a candle.

I by comparison in comparison with 比较起来,相形之下 和...比起来 By/in comparison with London, Paris is small.

I so far as ... be concerned 就...而言 As far as I'm concerned, the whole idea is crazy(荒唐的).

E be concerned in/ with 与...有关 He was concerned in the crime.

I in conclusion 最后,总之 In conclusion, I've enjoyed staying here.

I on condition that 在...条件下 I'll come on condition that John is invited too.

I in connection with / to 与...有联系 In connection with your request of March 18th we are sorry to tell you...

A in consequence 因此,结果 We hadn't enough money to pay our bus fare, and in consequence we had to walk.

A in consequence of 由于,因为...缘故 In consequence of your laziness and rudeness,I had to dissmiss you.

I in contrast with / to 和...形成对比/对照 In contrast with/to your belief that we shall fail, I know we shall succeed.

E on the contrary 相反,反之 He is not stupid, on the contrary , he is very intelligent.

A out of control 失去控制 The car went out of control and crashed.

A under control 被控制住 It took the teacher months to bring his class under control.

I al all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何 We must avoid war, at all costs.

I at the cost of 以...为代价 She saved him from the fire, but at the cost of her own life.

I count on 依靠,指望 1. You can't count on the weather being fine. 2. I didn't count on John arriving so early.

I count up 算出...的总数,共计 Count these figures up once more.

E of course 自然,当然,无疑

A in the course of 在...过程中 The enemy should be defeated in the course of the year.

A cover up 掩饰,掩盖 She tried to cover up her nervousness / her guilt by lying.

A cross out 删去,取消 I crossed out the mistakes in my sentence.

A cut across 走捷径,抄近路,对直通过 1.=to take a shorter way across 2. a new group of MP that cuts across party lines.

I cut back 消减,减少,降低 1=prune 2. We oppose any plans to cut back (on) production.

I cut down 消减,减少 1. to cut down a tree 2. I have to cut down (on)smoking.

I.A cut in 1A插嘴,打断;2I超车抢挡 1=to interrupt 2. You nearly caused a crash by cutting in (on me) like that !

I.A cut off 1I.切掉,剪去,删去; 2打断,停止 3.4.A. 阴隔,隔绝 1. Cut off a piece of cheese, will you? 2. We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation. 3. If you marry that girl I'll cut you off without a penny. 4. Mary felt cut off from her friends when we moved.

A cut out 割去,删去 1.She cut the advertisement out of the newspaper. 2. The rain and wind have cut out a deep valley. 3. I must cut out smoking. 4. Every time I got my car started the engine cut out.

A cut short 打断(讲话),中断(活动)

I in danger 在危险中,垂危 He is in danger of losing job.

I out of danger 脱离危险 She had been very sick, but now she was out of danger.

I out of date 过时的,陈旧的,不用的 My passport(护照) is out of date.

A up to date 现代化的 She wears a new dress that is right up to date.

E.I a good /

reatdeal E.许多,大量 I...得多

I deal with 1.与...交易; 2处理; 3.论述,涉及 1. I've dealt with this person for 20 years.2. How do you deal with the problem? 3.This new book deals with the troubles in Ireland.

A in debt 欠债,欠情 I'm heavily in debt at the moment but hope to be out of debt when I get paid.

I take (a) delight in 以...为乐 =delight in : He takes delight in annoying me.

A derive from 从...中得到,由...而来, 源出于.. 1.He derives a lot of pleasure from meeting new people. 2.The word "deride" derives from Latin.

I in detail 详细地 We'll talk about the plan in more detail later.

A die down 渐渐消失,平息 The fire is dying down.

A die out 消失,灭绝 The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out.

A make a/the difference 有影响,很重要 Flowers make a lot of difference to a room.

I in difficulties 处境困难 He is in difficulty with his school work.

I do away with 废除,消灭,去掉 We should do away with those customs.

I do without 没有...也行, 将就 I haven't enough money to buy a car, so I just have to do without (one).

高考完形填空、阅读理解解题方法

天津的英语高考考试分为笔试和口试两次考试。笔试的考试内容包括单项选择题、阅读理解题、完形填空题、翻译题和书面表达题；口试的考试内容一般为日常交流、听力理解、词汇及其他语言知识等。

天津英语高考考点如下：

1.语言知识

（1）语音

要求考生理解和运用常见语音项目，了解主要英语国家的英语语音差异。

（2）语法

要求考生理解语法形式的表意功能，并能正确运用。对较复杂的语言现象有一定的归纳和分析的能历。

（3）功能

要求考生掌握常用的功能项目，在语境中恰当地理解和表达。

（4）话题

要求考生熟悉有关我国一般社会生活的话题，并了解英语国家有关日常生活习惯的话题。

（5）词汇

要求考生能使用约 3300 个单词和 400—500 个习惯用语或固定搭配，运用这些词语进行理解和表达。

2021年天津3月英语高考解析

学习过程

一. 阅读理解

阅读理解：在中考中占的比重很大。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素、还涉及到非语言因素，即：阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。阅读技巧之一是阅读时要扩大视距。二是不要心读或朗读；三是要理解段落或文章的细节。四是要学会猜测词义，五要理解中心思想。六要具备合理推理和判断的能力。

初中阶段阅读题重点考查的内容是事实认定、词语理解、数量计算，主要思想归纳等。而从考查方式来看，则以直接型、转换型和归纳型的试题为主，需要依据文章事实和作者思路进行推理的题次之。

文章主旨和大意的考查。这类试题主要是考查对文章的理解程度，考查内容包括作者的写作目的，文章的中心思想等内容。考生只有读懂全文，才能选出正确答案。

细节和事实的考查。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。

词义或句义的考查。这些词句往往具有深层意义，要透过表层意义来理解深层意义，或根据句子的语法关系分析其含义，要反复琢磨，仔细推敲，弄清作者的真正意图，从而选择正确答案。遇到生词，要根据上下文和一定的构词法知识，如前缀、后缀来分析、判断、猜测其词形和含义。

结论或推论性考查。这类考题答案的选择往往无所谓正确与错误之别，而是最佳与非最佳之别。因此，须读懂通篇文章，弄懂作者的写作要旨，按照文章的内容和逻辑关系，做出符合原文逻辑或主旨的结论或推论，才能选出最佳答案。

拟选题目考查。一篇文章究竟应加一个什么样的题目为最佳，主要取决于文章的内容，英语文章标题的特点一般多以短语或简单句为主。选择标题的一般标准是：一要切题，即能够概括出全文的主旨；二要简洁，即文字要简单明了。

阅读理解题型介绍：

1. 选择答案型阅读理解

2. 判断正误型阅读理解

3. 完成句子型阅读理解

4. 回答问题型阅读理解

阅读理解解题指导：

1. 客观信息题

所谓"客观信息"，是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。完成客观信息题应注意以下三点：

（1）辨认事实，注意细节

（2）同义转换，着重内涵

（3）把握数据，注意推算

在有关数据推算的试题中，根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时所涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单，关键在于理解原文。

2. 主观判断题

一般来说，这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，必须根据原文提供的有关信息，进行合理的推理和判断才能回答。完成主观判断题能常应注意以下四点：

（1）运用常识，合理判断

（2）根据情景，进行猜测

（3）利用情景，举一反三

（4）纵观全文，概括大意

3. 细节辨认题

文章的中心思想或主题是通过一系列的事实、细节来说明和支持的，要透彻地理解段落、文章的中心思想，就必须理解文章中的重要事实和细节。只有真正理解了全部细节，才能深刻地领悟大意，理解短文细节分下面三个步骤：

（1）首先找出文章或段落的中心思想。文章的中心思想主要体现在首句和尾句中，有时在文中的某一句话当中。

（2）寻找重要的事实与细节，不是所有的事实和细节都重要，那些与中心思想有关的事实和细节才重要。

（3）检查已确定的事实与细节，看它们是否支持中心思想。如果这些事实与细节不能支持中心思想，就说明原来所确定的中心思想不明确或者这些事实和细节没有找准。

属于细节类的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样，没有固定模式。常见的设题方式有：

（1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

（2）All the following statements are not true except.

（3）Which of the following facts is not mentioned in the supporing details?

4. 词汇障碍题

在中考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，用上下文去确定词汇的含义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：

（1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义

在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如：

A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是"木匠"

（2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义

在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如：

Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

和clean意思相对的便是"肮脏的"了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是"肮脏的"

（3）通过因果关系猜测词义

because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：

She wanted the bairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.

根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是"修剪"之意

（4）根据生活常识猜测词义

运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：

Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.

根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示"枯萎"

（5）根据同等关系猜测词义

同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如：

At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.

从"年龄42岁"以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是"盛年时期"。

（6）根据列举的事例猜测词义

You can take any of the periodicals: "The World of English"."Foreign Language Teaching in Schools", or "English Learning".

从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical是"期刊，杂志"的意思。

（7）根据构词法知识猜测词义

根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如：

The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.

利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是"令人难忘的"意思。

阅读理解解题步骤：

1. 浏览全文，捕捉信息。要求考生通过浏览全文，掌握其大意了解作者的观点和写作意图。

2. 细读思考题，分析信息。通读（浏览全文）短文后，已对文章或段落大意有所了解再读考题，对要捕捉的信息进行分析、推理，这样便可先解答与主题思想有关的问题。

3. 复读全文，抓住细节。带着问题去复读，可缩小复读的范围，更便于捕捉关键的信息。复读时可边读边用铅笔做些标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因（即5W：who, what, when, where, why）划出来。例如：凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一遍，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。经过这样的处理，你对文章的内容和细节便清楚了，对其中矛盾的产生、发展和解决心里就会有底了。

另外，在复读全文时，还应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句，以及结尾句。因为短文的首句和首段往往是作者要说明的对象或事件的起因；作者阐述自己的观点或事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系。结尾句、段是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。这样一来便容易抓住中心，为准确、快速地解题打下良好的基础。

4. 解答问题，选定答案。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然圈定。遇到不会做的问题可暂时不做，把每个问题阅读完毕，等会做的题已做完，然后再回头做剩下的题目。在做题时，如果遇到困难，再重新查阅。这次重读，要针对问题的要求，抓住重点，一次求得正确答案。

5. 再读全文，核对答案。这是最后一步，也是重要的一步，不能疏忽。这一步骤要用全文的主题思想统率各考题，把我们在阅读和答题时所得到的信息归纳整理一遍后重新再读一遍短文检查答案，看是否前后一致；意义和语言知识是否和原文相符；是否符合逻辑等。发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，要立即纠正。

要注意的是，改正原来选定的答案，一定要慎之又慎。　完形填空对考生的能力要求比较高。要顺利解答这类考题，必须要有扎实的语言基础知识和综合运用所学英语知识的能力以及一定的分析、推理判断能力。还应熟悉各种体裁、题材的文章，具有一定的语感和快速阅读能力。

完整填空：一般在文中的第一句和最后一句不会挖空。主要涉及到动词、名词（含代词）、形容词、副词、介词、连词也常出现。做完形填空题要注意整体性原则，强调对文章整体的理解。就内容而言，它又有前因后果、地点、时间、人物等要素。所以，第一步应通读全文，了解大意。其次注意词与词、句与句、主句与分句之间的连贯性与衔接性。因此，在做题时必须始终注意上下文之间，词与词之间从意义到语法上的合理搭配。诚然，弄懂第一句和最后一句也事关全局。与此同时，还不可忽略文中的过渡词　（1）通读全文，了解大意。

通读全文时，跳过空格快速阅读，弄清文章的基本含义。先快速阅读全文，可使我们对文章的整体结构和中心思想有个基本的了解。有利于进一步把握全文所讲内容，篇章结构，时态语态的变化，为后面的答题创造条件，但通读宜粗、直、快。切忌看一句做一句，看一空填一空，断章取意，那会进入误区，即使所填答案符合本句要求，也未必符合全文的要求。通读的目的仅在于掌握大意，切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句的推敲上。

（2）重视首句的开篇启示作用

完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的首句通常用以点明短文的性质，如叙事、议论等，这是我们探索短文全貌的"窗口"，可以以首句的时态、语态为立足点进行思考，判断文章的体裁，推测全文的大意及主题，所以应该重视首句的启示作用。

（3）抓住关键词，根据上下文解题

解题时，要遵循忠于全文大意和主题这一原则，联系上下文展开逻辑推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词，了解所提问题的特定语境，语篇中的内在关系。

在解题过程中，应遵循"先易后难"的原则，遇到个别难题不易判断时，可先跳过去，去解决那些靠上下文能确定的，比较直接明确的问题，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，或许在前面难以判断的题，下文就有暗示，甚至有明确的表示。因此，在选择答案时，应特别注意联系前后句，充分利用上下文为确定答案提供有用信息。

（4）重读全文，验证答案

在全部空格补全以后，一定要根据填好的答案重读全文，看文章是否流畅，前后是否矛盾，语法结构是否无误。如果发现哪些地方读起来不流畅，那就说明那里有毛病，就要进行仔细推敲，验证。

总之，解答完形填空题，不仅需要扎实的语言基本功与严密的逻辑推理能力，还需要加强阅读训练，掌握正确的解题方法和技巧，只有这样，才能在考试时得心应手，考出好成绩。

2. 短文缺词填空解题步骤

短文缺词填空是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章意思的基础上通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词的一种考查形式，它是考查学生综合运用英语思维能力的一种有效方法。要完成好这类题，做到事半功倍，需要掌握一定的方法与技巧。

（1）从全局把握文章大意

要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定，只有把握全局才能有主导方向，才能有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，从而缩小词意的选择范围。

（2）从语法上加以把握

一般的空缺词都可以通过其所在的句型结构和句法成分来判断其词性，这样可以缩小词的选择范围。

（3）从行文上确定词的形式

当确定一个单词的词性后可通过其上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的第三人称单数形式，过去式、过去分词、现在分词、名词的单复数、代词的各种所有格及单复数，形容词的比较级与最高级等。

（4）通读全文，验证答案。

填完所有单词后，不可孤立地逐个词检查，而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等，发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文，很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口"读"出来。

高考英语天津卷和北京卷的区别

1.I was trying to place an order on your website, but I failed.

.I can take your order over the phone.

A. That's fineB. No wayC. My pleasureD.Of course答案A

详解考查情景交际。句意：一—我想在你们的网站上下订单，但是我失败了。——我可以通过电话帮您点餐。A. That's fine 没关系;B. No way 不行，没门：C. My pleasure 不客气：D.Of course当然。根据“I can take your order over the phone”可知，此处表示没有关系。故选A。

2. I wanted to make dumplings but found I had flour, so I went out to buy some.

A. made up forB. run out ofC. kept away fromD. got down to答案B

详解考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了

一些。A. made up for 弥补：B.run out of用完，用尽：C. kept away from 远离，回避：D. got

down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。

3. Feeling fearful is healthy_it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.

A. because B. untilC.beforeDalthough

答案A

详解考查连词词义辨析。句意：感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。A.because因为；B.until 直到：C. before 在……之前：D.although虽然。根据语境，主句提到 healthy（有益于健康的)，连词引导的从句部分则在其体描还为何说是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适应because（因为）引导，故选A。

4. Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he _jobs by a dozen computer companies.

A. has offeredC. had offeredB. has been offeredD. had been offered答案D

详解考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被

动语态。故选 D.

5. The police searched the area for several days were looking for.

详解考查副词词义辨析。句意：警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终，他们找到了他们一直在努力寻找的证据。A.Generally 通常，普遍地；B.Originally 起初，原来，独创地；C.Eventually 最终：D. Unfortunately 不幸地。分析句意，警察一直在努力找证据，努力有了结果，最终找到了，故选C。

2009年高考英语天津卷 - 阅读理解C

内容区别、听力难度区别。

1、内容区别：高考英语天津卷阅读理解部分包括3篇文章，1篇来自天津旅游局、1篇来自天津政府官网、1篇来自天津大学合作办学项目，北京卷阅读理解部分包括3篇文章，1篇来自北京旅游局、1篇来自北京故宫博物院、1篇来自北京大学国际班。

2、听力难度区别：天津卷听力部分难度适宜，包括天津特色文化、校园生活、职业发展等话题，北京卷听力部分难度大，包括北京特色文化、校园生活、工作面试等话题。

Tens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatre.

明年，政府将向年轻人发放数万张戏票，以激发他们对戏剧的终身热爱。

The plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26 — funded with ?2.5 million of taxpayers’ money — was announced yesterday by Andy Burnham, the Culture Secretary. It received a cautious welcome from some in the arts world, who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged.

文化部长安迪·伯纳姆昨日宣布，计划用250万英镑的纳税人资金为18至26岁的人提供免费座位。它受到了一些艺术界人士的谨慎欢迎，他们担心门票可能无法惠及最弱势群体。

The plan comes as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. Attendances reached 13.6 million in 2007, up 10 percent on 2006, itself a record year. Total sales were up 18 percent on 2006 to almost ?470 million.

这项计划出台之际，西区剧院正在迎来创纪录的观众，这主要归功于音乐剧与电视选秀节目的合作。观众人数2007年为1360万，比2006年增长了10%，这是创纪录的一年。总销售额比2006年增长18%，达到近4.7亿英镑。

One theatre source criticised the Government’s priorities in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying: “I don’t know why the Government’s wasting money on this. The Yong Vic, as The Times reported today, offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”

一位剧院消息人士批评了政府在养老金领取者难以购买食物和燃料时优先资助免费门票的做法，他说：“我不知道政府为什么要在这方面浪费资金。正如《泰晤士报》今天报道的那样，Yong Vic以低廉的价格提供出色的演出。”

There was praise for the Government’s plan from Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court Theatre, who said: “I support any move to get young people into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over England, not just in London.”

皇家宫廷剧院的多米尼克·库克对政府的计划表示赞赏，他说：“我支持任何让年轻人进入剧院的举措，尤其是旨在让年轻人进入整个英国，而不仅仅是伦敦。”

Ninety-five publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the two-year plan. In return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26-year-olds, first-come, first-served. It is likely to be on Mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theatre.

95家由政府资助的剧院可以根据这项两年计划申请资金。作为回报，他们将为18至26岁的年轻人提供每周至少一天的免费门票，先到先得。可能是周一，传统上是剧院安静的夜晚。

Mr. Burnham said: “A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. But sometimes people miss out on it because they fear it’s ‘not for them’. It’s time to change this perception.”

伯纳姆先生说：“年轻人看戏剧会发现这是一次激动人心的经历，并受到启发去探索一个新的世界。但有时人们会错过它，因为他们担心这“不适合他们”。是时候改变这种看法了。”

Jeremy Hunt, the Shadow Culture Secretary, said: “The real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre, but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. For too many children theatres are a no-go area.”

影子文化部长杰里米·亨特表示：“真正的问题不是让热情的孩子们进入剧院，而是改善艺术教育，让更多的年轻人想去，因为太多的儿童剧院都是禁区。”